Bertrand RussellRus·sell, Ber·trand /ˈrʌsəl, ˈbɜːtrənd $ ˈbɜːr-/ (1872–1970) a British philosopher and mathematician who developed new ideas connecting mathematics and logic. He was also known for being a pacifist (=someone who believes that all wars are wrong), and he was one of the leading members of the opposition to nuclear weapons. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.